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ไฟล์ extensions.conf มีไว้ทำอะไร

ไฟล์ extension.conf เป็นไฟล์หลักไฟล์หนึ่งของ Asterisk ทำหน้าที่ Dialplan หรือเป็นแหล่งข้อมูลที่ให้ Asterisk เข้ามาดูเพื่อที่จะรู้ว่าจะต้องทำอย่างไรเมื่อมียูสเซอร์กดเบอร์ปลายทาง การมีไฟล์นี้จึงทำให้ดูเหมือนว่า Asterisk ฉลาดสามารถโทรไปยังเบอร์ต่างๆที่เรากด เช่น เบอร์ Extension เบอร์ Voicemail เบอร์โทรศัพท์ภายนอก เบอร์ IVR เบอร์ Voicemail เบอร์ Conference รวมทั้งเบอร์ที่สร้างขึ้นมาเพื่อจุดประสงค์ต่างๆ

ยกตัวอย่างเช่น ผมกดเบอร์ Extension 110 เมื่อ Asterisk รับข้อมูลเข้าไปมันจะไปเช็คในไฟล์ extension.conf ว่าเมื่อมีคนกด 110 มันจะต้องทำอย่างไรบ้าง สมมุติว่ามีข้อมูลนี้อยู่ในไฟล์ extension.conf

exten => 110,1,Dial(SIP/110)
exten => 110,n,Hangup

มันก็จะโทรไปยังเบอร์ Extension 110 ด้วย SIP Protocol

ถ้า Asterisk หาเบอร์ในไฟล์นี้ไม่เจอ มันก็จะงงทำอะไรไม่ถูกจึงโทรไปไม่ได้

ดังนั้นง่ายๆคือ ถ้าเราต้องการให้โทรไปที่ไหนๆผ่าน Asterisk ได้แล้วหล่ะก็เราต้องเซ็ตบอกมันไว้ในไฟล์นี้

ไฟล์ extensions.conf นี้เป็นไฟล์หลักครับ ในการใช้งานจริงเราสามารถแยกเป็นไฟล์เล็กไฟล์น้อยได้ แล้วบอก (include)ไว้ในไฟล์ extensions.conf ว่าไฟล์เล็กไฟล์น้อยเหล่านั้นมีไฟล์อะไรบ้าง เพื่อให้ Asterisk ตามไปเช็คได้ถูก

ตัวอย่างข้างต้นเป็นตัวอย่างง่ายๆ ไม่ซับซ้อน แต่ในการใช้งานจริงๆจะซับซ้อนกว่านี้มากแต่ก็เพื่อให้รองรับกับความต้องการของเรานั่นเอง จำไว้ครับว่า "ยิ่งใช้งานง่าย เบื้องหลังยิ่งซับซ้อน"

ไฟล์ extensions.conf ที่มาพร้อม Asterisk

; extensions.conf - the Asterisk dial plan
;
; Static extension configuration file, used by the pbx_config module. This is where you configure all your inbound and
; outbound calls in Asterisk.
;
; This configuration file is reloaded
; - With the "dialplan reload" command in the CLI
; - With the "reload" command (that reloads everything) in the CLI

;
; The "General" category is for certain variables.
;
[general]
;
; If static is set to no, or omitted, then the pbx_config will rewrite this file when extensions are modified. Remember that
; all comments made in the file will be lost when that happens.
;
; XXX Not yet implemented XXX
;
static=yes
;
; if static=yes and writeprotect=no, you can save dialplan by CLI command "dialplan save" too
;
writeprotect=no
;
; If autofallthrough is set, then if an extension runs out of things to do, it will terminate the call with BUSY, CONGESTION
; or HANGUP depending on Asterisk's best guess. This is the default.
;
; If autofallthrough is not set, then if an extension runs out of things to do, Asterisk will wait for a new extension to be
; dialed (this is the original behavior of Asterisk 1.0 and earlier).
;
;autofallthrough=no
;
;
;
; If extenpatternmatchnew is set (true, yes, etc), then a new algorithm that uses a Trie to find the best matching pattern
; is used. In dialplans with more than about 20-40 extensions in a single context, this new algorithm can provide a
; noticeable speedup.
; With 50 extensions, the speedup is 1.32x
; with 88 extensions, the speedup is 2.23x
; with 138 extensions, the speedup is 3.44x
; with 238 extensions, the speedup is 5.8x
; with 438 extensions, the speedup is 10.4x
; With 1000 extensions, the speedup is ~25x
; with 10,000 extensions, the speedup is 374x
; Basically, the new algorithm provides a flat response time, no matter the number of extensions.
;
; By default, the old pattern matcher is used.
;
; ****This is a new feature! *********************
; The new pattern matcher is for the brave, the bold, and the desperate. If you have large dialplans (more than about 50
; extensions in a context), and/or high call volume, you might consider setting this value to "yes" !!
; Please, if you try this out, and are forced to return to the old pattern matcher, please report your reasons in a bug report
; on bugs.digium.com. We have made good progress in providing something compatible with the old matcher; help us finish
; the job!
;
; This value can be switched at runtime using the cli command "dialplan set extenpatternmatchnew true" or "dialplan set
; extenpatternmatchnew false", so you can experiment to your hearts content.
;
;extenpatternmatchnew=no
;
; If clearglobalvars is set, global variables will be cleared and reparsed on a dialplan reload, or Asterisk reload.
;
; If clearglobalvars is not set, then global variables will persist through reloads, and even if deleted from the
; extensions.conf or one of its included files, will remain set to the previous value.
;
; NOTE: A complication sets in, if you put your global variables into the AEL file, instead of the extensions.conf file. With
; clearglobalvars set, a "reload" will often leave the globals vars cleared, because it is not unusual to have extensions.conf
; (which will have no globals) load after the extensions.ael file (where the global vars are stored). So, with "reload" in this
; particular situation, first the AEL file will clear and then set all the global vars, then, later, when the extensions.conf file is
; loaded, the global vars are all cleared, and then not set, because they are not stored in the extensions.conf file.
;
clearglobalvars=no
;
; If priorityjumping is set to 'yes', then applications that support 'jumping' to a different priority based on the result of their
; operations will do so (this is backwards compatible behavior with pre-1.2 releases of Asterisk). Individual applications can
; also be requested to do this by passing a 'j' option in their arguments.
;
;priorityjumping=yes
;
; User context is where entries from users.conf are registered. The default value is 'default'
;
;userscontext=default
;
; You can include other config files, use the #include command (without the ';'). Note that this is different from
; the "include" command that includes contexts within other contexts. The #include command works in all asterisk
; configuration files.
;#include "filename.conf"
;
; You can execute a program or script that produces config files, and they will be inserted where you insert the #exec
; command. The #exec command works on all asterisk configuration files. However, you will need to activate them within
; asterisk.conf with the "execincludes" option. They are otherwise considered a security risk.
;#exec /opt/bin/build-extra-contexts.sh
;

#include extensions_a2billing.conf

; The "Globals" category contains global variables that can be referenced in the dialplan with the GLOBAL dialplan function:
; ${GLOBAL(VARIABLE)}
; ${${GLOBAL(VARIABLE)}} or ${text${GLOBAL(VARIABLE)}} or any hybrid
; Unix/Linux environmental variables can be reached with the ENV dialplan function: ${ENV(VARIABLE)}
;
[globals]
; Console interface for demo
CONSOLE=Console/dsp
;CONSOLE=DAHDI/1
;CONSOLE=Phone/phone0
; IAXtel username/password
IAXINFO=guest
;IAXINFO=myuser:mypass
; Trunk interface
TRUNK=DAHDI/G2
;
; Note the 'G2' in the TRUNK variable above. It specifies which group (defined in dahdi.conf) to dial, i.e. group 2, and how
; to choose a channel to use in the specified group. The four possible options are:
;
; g: select the lowest-numbered non-busy DAHDI channel (aka. ascending sequential hunt group).
; G: select the highest-numbered non-busy DAHDI channel (aka. descending sequential hunt group).
; r: use a round-robin search, starting at the next highest channel than last time (aka. ascending rotary hunt group).
; R: use a round-robin search, starting at the next lowest channel than last time (aka. descending rotary hunt group).
;
; MSD digits to strip (usually 1 or 0)
TRUNKMSD=1
;TRUNK=IAX2/user:pass@provider
;
; WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING
; If you load any other extension configuration engine, such as pbx_ael.so, your global variables may be overridden by that
; file. Please take care to use only one location to set global variables, and you will likely save yourself a ton of grief.
; WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING
;
; Any category other than "General" and "Globals" represent extension contexts, which are collections of extensions.
;
; Extension names may be numbers, letters, or combinations thereof. If an extension name is prefixed by a '_' character, it
; is interpreted as a pattern rather than a literal. In patterns, some characters have special meanings:
;
; X - any digit from 0-9
; Z - any digit from 1-9
; N - any digit from 2-9
; [1235-9] - any digit in the brackets (in this example, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9)
; . - wildcard, matches anything remaining (e.g. _9011. matches
; anything starting with 9011 excluding 9011 itself)
; ! - wildcard, causes the matching process to complete as soon as
; it can unambiguously determine that no other matches are possible
;
; For example, the extension _NXXXXXX would match normal 7 digit dialings, while _1NXXNXXXXXX would represent an area
; code plus phone number preceded by a one.
;
; Each step of an extension is ordered by priority, which must always start
; with 1 to be considered a valid extension. The priority "next" or "n" means
; the previous priority plus one, regardless of whether the previous priority
; was associated with the current extension or not. The priority "same" or "s"
; means the same as the previously specified priority, again regardless of
; whether the previous entry was for the same extension. Priorities may be
; immediately followed by a plus sign and another integer to add that amount
; (most useful with 's' or 'n'). Priorities may then also have an alias, or
; label, in parentheses after their name which can be used in goto situations.
;
; Contexts contain several lines, one for each step of each extension. One may
; include another context in the current one as well, optionally with a date
; and time. Included contexts are included in the order they are listed.
; Switches may also be included within a context. The order of matching within
; a context is always exact extensions, pattern match extensions, includes, and
; switches. Includes are always processed depth-first. So for example, if you
; would like a switch "A" to match before context "B", simply put switch "A" in
; an included context "C", where "C" is included in your original context
; before "B".
;
;[context]
;exten => someexten,{priority|label{+|-}offset}[(alias)],application(arg1,arg2,...)
;
; Timing list for includes is
;
; <time range>,<days of week>,<days of month>,<months>
;
; Note that ranges may be specified to wrap around the ends. Also, minutes are
; fine-grained only down to the closest even minute.
;
;include => daytime,9:00-17:00,mon-fri,*,*
;include => weekend,*,sat-sun,*,*
;include => weeknights,17:02-8:58,mon-fri,*,*
;
; ignorepat can be used to instruct drivers to not cancel dialtone upon receipt of a particular pattern. The most commonly
; used example is of course '9' like this:
;
;ignorepat => 9
;
; so that dialtone remains even after dialing a 9. Please note that ignorepat
; only works with channels which receive dialtone from the PBX, such as DAHDI,
; Phone, and VPB. Other channels, such as SIP and MGCP, which generate their
; own dialtone and converse with the PBX only after a number is complete, are
; generally unaffected by ignorepat (unless DISA or another method is used to
; generate a dialtone after answering the channel).
;

;
; Sample entries for extensions.conf
;
;
[dundi-e164-canonical]
;include => stdexten
;
; List canonical entries here
;
;exten => 12564286000,1,Gosub(stdexten(6000,IAX2/foo))
;exten => 12564286000,n,Goto(default,s,1) ; exited Voicemail
;exten => _125642860XX,1,Dial(IAX2/otherbox/${EXTEN:7})

[dundi-e164-customers]
;
; If you are an ITSP or Reseller, list your customers here.
;
;exten => _12564286000,1,Dial(SIP/customer1)
;exten => _12564286001,1,Dial(IAX2/customer2)

[dundi-e164-via-pstn]
;
; If you are freely delivering calls to the PSTN, list them here
;
;exten => _1256428XXXX,1,Dial(DAHDI/G2/${EXTEN:7}) ; Expose all of 256-428
;exten => _1256325XXXX,1,Dial(DAHDI/G2/${EXTEN:7}) ; Ditto for 256-325

[dundi-e164-local]
;
; Context to put your dundi IAX2 or SIP user in for full access
;
include => dundi-e164-canonical
include => dundi-e164-customers
include => dundi-e164-via-pstn

[dundi-e164-switch]
;
; Just a wrapper for the switch
;
switch => DUNDi/e164

[dundi-e164-lookup]
;
; Locally to lookup, try looking for a local E.164 solution
; then try DUNDi if we don't have one.
;
include => dundi-e164-local
include => dundi-e164-switch
;
; DUNDi can also be implemented as a Macro instead of using
; the Local channel driver.
;
[macro-dundi-e164]
;
; ARG1 is the extension to Dial
;
; Extension "s" is not a wildcard extension that matches "anything".
; In macros, it is the start extension. In most other cases,
; you have to goto "s" to execute that extension.
;
; For wildcard matches, see above - all pattern matches start with
; an underscore.
exten => s,1,Goto(${ARG1},1)
include => dundi-e164-lookup

;
; Here are the entries you need to participate in the IAXTEL
; call routing system. Most IAXTEL numbers begin with 1-700, but
; there are exceptions. For more information, and to sign
; up, please go to http://www.gnophone.com or http://www.iaxtel.com
;
[iaxtel700]
exten => _91700XXXXXXX,1,Dial(IAX2/${GLOBAL(IAXINFO)}@iaxtel.com/${EXTEN:1}@iaxtel)

;
; The SWITCH statement permits a server to share the dialplan with
; another server. Use with care: Reciprocal switch statements are not
; allowed (e.g. both A -> B and B -> A), and the switched server needs
; to be on-line or else dialing can be severly delayed.
;
[iaxprovider]
;switch => IAX2/user:[key]@myserver/mycontext

[trunkint]
;
; International long distance through trunk
;
exten => _9011.,1,Macro(dundi-e164,${EXTEN:4})
exten => _9011.,n,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})

[trunkld]
;
; Long distance context accessed through trunk
;
exten => _91NXXNXXXXXX,1,Macro(dundi-e164,${EXTEN:1})
exten => _91NXXNXXXXXX,n,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})

[trunklocal]
;
; Local seven-digit dialing accessed through trunk interface
;
exten => _9NXXXXXX,1,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})

[trunktollfree]
;
; Long distance context accessed through trunk interface
;
exten => _91800NXXXXXX,1,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})
exten => _91888NXXXXXX,1,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})
exten => _91877NXXXXXX,1,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})
exten => _91866NXXXXXX,1,Dial(${GLOBAL(TRUNK)}/${EXTEN:${GLOBAL(TRUNKMSD)}})

[international]
;
; Master context for international long distance
;
ignorepat => 9
include => longdistance
include => trunkint

[longdistance]
;
; Master context for long distance
;
ignorepat => 9
include => local
include => trunkld

[local]
;
; Master context for local, toll-free, and iaxtel calls only
;
ignorepat => 9
include => default
include => trunklocal
include => iaxtel700
include => trunktollfree
include => iaxprovider

;Include parkedcalls (or the context you define in features conf)
;to enable call parking.
include => parkedcalls
;
; You can use an alternative switch type as well, to resolve
; extensions that are not known here, for example with remote
; IAX switching you transparently get access to the remote
; Asterisk PBX
;
; switch => IAX2/user:password@bigserver/local
;
; An "lswitch" is like a switch but is literal, in that
; variable substitution is not performed at load time
; but is passed to the switch directly (presumably to
; be substituted in the switch routine itself)
;
; lswitch => Loopback/12${EXTEN}@othercontext
;
; An "eswitch" is like a switch but the evaluation of
; variable substitution is performed at runtime before
; being passed to the switch routine.
;
; eswitch => IAX2/context@${CURSERVER}

[macro-trunkdial]
;
; Standard trunk dial macro (hangs up on a dialstatus that should
; terminate call)
; ${ARG1} - What to dial
;
exten => s,1,Dial(${ARG1})
exten => s,n,Goto(s-${DIALSTATUS},1)
exten => s-NOANSWER,1,Hangup
exten => s-BUSY,1,Hangup
exten => _s-.,1,NoOp

[stdexten]
;
; Standard extension subroutine:
; ${ARG1} - Extension
; ${ARG2} - Device(s) to ring
; ${ARG3} - Optional context in Voicemail (if empty, then "default")
;
; Note that the current version will drop through to the next priority in the
; case of their pressing '#'. This gives more flexibility in what do to next:
; you can prompt for a new extension, or drop the call, or send them to a
; general delivery mailbox, or...
;
; The use of the LOCAL() function is purely for convenience. Any variable
; initially declared as LOCAL() will disappear when the innermost Gosub context
; in which it was declared returns. Note also that you can declare a LOCAL()
; variable on top of an existing variable, and its value will revert to its
; previous value (before being declared as LOCAL()) upon Return.
;
exten => _X.,50000(stdexten),NoOp(Start stdexten)
exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(ext)=${ARG1})
exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(dev)=${ARG2})
exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(cntx)=${ARG3})

exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(mbx)="${ext}"$["${cntx}" ? "@${cntx}" :: ""])
exten => _X.,n,Dial(${dev},20) ; Ring the interface, 20 seconds maximum
exten => _X.,n,Goto(stdexten-${DIALSTATUS},1) ; Jump based on status (NOANSWER,BUSY,CHANUNAVAIL,CONGESTION,ANSWER)

exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,1,Voicemail(${mbx},u) ; If unavailable, send to voicemail w/ unavail announce
exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,n,NoOp(Finish stdexten NOANSWER)
exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,n,Return() ; If they press #, return to start

exten => stdexten-BUSY,1,Voicemail(${mbx},b)
; If busy, send to voicemail w/ busy announce
exten => stdexten-BUSY,n,NoOp(Finish stdexten BUSY)
exten => stdexten-BUSY,n,Return() ; If they press #, return to start

exten => _stdexten[\-].,1,Goto(s-NOANSWER,1) ; Treat anything else as no answer

exten => a,1,VoicemailMain(${mbx}) ; If they press *, send the user into VoicemailMain
exten => a,n,Return()

[stdPrivacyexten]
;
; Standard extension subroutine:
; ${ARG1} - Extension
; ${ARG2} - Device(s) to ring
; ${ARG3} - Optional DONTCALL context name to jump to (assumes the s,1 extension-priority)
; ${ARG4} - Optional TORTURE context name to jump to (assumes the s,1 extension-priority)`
; ${ARG5} - Context in voicemail (if empty, then "default")
;
; See above note in stdexten about priority handling on exit.
;
exten => _X.,60000(stdPrivacyexten),NoOp(Start stdPrivacyexten)
exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(ext)=${ARG1})
exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(dev)=${ARG2})
exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(dontcntx)=${ARG3})
exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(tortcntx)=${ARG4})
exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(cntx)=${ARG5})

exten => _X.,n,Set(LOCAL(mbx)="${ext}"$["${cntx}" ? "@${cntx}" :: ""])
exten => _X.,n,Dial(${dev},20,p) ; Ring the interface, 20 seconds maximum, call screening
; option (or use P for databased call _X.creening)
exten => _X.,n,Goto(s-${DIALSTATUS},1) ; Jump based on status (NOANSWER,BUSY,CHANUNAVAIL,CONGESTION,ANSWER)

exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,1,Voicemail(${mbx},u) ; If unavailable, send to voicemail w/ unavail announce
exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,n,NoOp(Finish stdPrivacyexten NOANSWER)
exten => stdexten-NOANSWER,n,Return() ; If they press #, return to start

exten => stdexten-BUSY,1,Voicemail(${mbx},b) ; If busy, send to voicemail w/ busy announce
exten => stdexten-BUSY,n,NoOp(Finish stdPrivacyexten BUSY)
exten => stdexten-BUSY,n,Return() ; If they press #, return to start

exten => stdexten-DONTCALL,1,Goto(${dontcntx},s,1) ; Callee chose to send this call to a polite "Don't call again" script.

exten => stdexten-TORTURE,1,Goto(${tortcntx},s,1) ; Callee chose to send this call to a telemarketer torture script.

exten => _stdexten-.,1,Goto(s-NOANSWER,1) ; Treat anything else as no answer

exten => a,1,VoicemailMain(${mbx}) ; If they press *, send the user into VoicemailMain
exten => a,n,Return

[macro-page];
;
; Paging macro:
;
; Check to see if SIP device is in use and DO NOT PAGE if they are
;
; ${ARG1} - Device to page

exten => s,1,ChanIsAvail(${ARG1},s) ; s is for ANY call
exten => s,n,GoToIf([${AVAILSTATUS} = "1"]?autoanswer:fail)
exten => s,n(autoanswer),Set(_ALERT_INFO="RA") ; This is for the PolyComs
exten => s,n,SIPAddHeader(Call-Info: Answer-After=0) ; This is for the Grandstream, Snoms, and Others
exten => s,n,NoOp() ; Add others here and Post on the Wiki!!!!
exten => s,n,Dial(${ARG1})
exten => s,n(fail),Hangup


[demo]
include => stdexten
;
; We start with what to do when a call first comes in.
;
exten => s,1,Wait(1) ; Wait a second, just for fun
exten => s,n,Answer ; Answer the line
exten => s,n,Set(TIMEOUT(digit)=5) ; Set Digit Timeout to 5 seconds
exten => s,n,Set(TIMEOUT(response)=10) ; Set Response Timeout to 10 seconds
exten => s,n(restart),BackGround(demo-congrats) ; Play a congratulatory message
exten => s,n(instruct),BackGround(demo-instruct) ; Play some instructions
exten => s,n,WaitExten ; Wait for an extension to be dialed.

exten => 2,1,BackGround(demo-moreinfo) ; Give some more information.
exten => 2,n,Goto(s,instruct)

exten => 3,1,Set(LANGUAGE()=fr) ; Set language to french
exten => 3,n,Goto(s,restart) ; Start with the congratulations

exten => 1000,1,Goto(default,s,1)
;
; We also create an example user, 1234, who is on the console and has
; voicemail, etc.
;
exten => 1234,1,Playback(transfer,skip) ; "Please hold while..."
; (but skip if channel is not up)
exten => 1234,n,Gosub(stdexten(1234,${GLOBAL(CONSOLE)}))
exten => 1234,n,Goto(default,s,1) ; exited Voicemail

exten => 1235,1,Voicemail(1234,u) ; Right to voicemail

exten => 1236,1,Dial(Console/dsp) ; Ring forever
exten => 1236,n,Voicemail(1234,b) ; Unless busy

;
; # for when they're done with the demo
;
exten => #,1,Playback(demo-thanks) ; "Thanks for trying the demo"
exten => #,n,Hangup ; Hang them up.

;
; A timeout and "invalid extension rule"
;
exten => t,1,Goto(#,1) ; If they take too long, give up
exten => i,1,Playback(invalid) ; "That's not valid, try again"

;
; Create an extension, 500, for dialing the
; Asterisk demo.
;
exten => 500,1,Playback(demo-abouttotry); Let them know what's going on
exten => 500,n,Dial(IAX2/guest@pbx.digium.com/s@default) ; Call the Asterisk demo
exten => 500,n,Playback(demo-nogo) ; Couldn't connect to the demo site
exten => 500,n,Goto(s,6) ; Return to the start over message.

;
; Create an extension, 600, for evaluating echo latency.
;
exten => 600,1,Playback(demo-echotest) ; Let them know what's going on
exten => 600,n,Echo ; Do the echo test
exten => 600,n,Playback(demo-echodone) ; Let them know it's over
exten => 600,n,Goto(s,6) ; Start over

;
; You can use the Macro Page to intercom a individual user
exten => 76245,1,Macro(page,SIP/Grandstream1)
; or if your peernames are the same as extensions
exten => _7XXX,1,Macro(page,SIP/${EXTEN})
;
;
; System Wide Page at extension 7999
;
exten => 7999,1,Set(TIMEOUT(absolute)=60)
exten => 7999,2,Page(Local/Grandstream1@page&Local/Xlite1@page&Local/1234@page/n,d)

; Give voicemail at extension 8500
;
exten => 8500,1,VoicemailMain
exten => 8500,n,Goto(s,6)
;
; Here's what a phone entry would look like (IXJ for example)
;
;exten => 1265,1,Dial(Phone/phone0,15)
;exten => 1265,n,Goto(s,5)

;
; The page context calls up the page macro that sets variables needed for auto-answer
; It is in is own context to make calling it from the Page() application as simple as
; Local/{peername}@page
;
[page]
exten => _X.,1,Macro(page,SIP/${EXTEN})

;[mainmenu]
;
; Example "main menu" context with submenu
;
;exten => s,1,Answer
;exten => s,n,Background(thanks) ; "Thanks for calling press 1 for sales, 2 for support, ..."
;exten => s,n,WaitExten
;exten => 1,1,Goto(submenu,s,1)
;exten => 2,1,Hangup
;include => default
;
;[submenu]
;exten => s,1,Ringing ; Make them comfortable with 2 seconds of ringback
;exten => s,n,Wait,2
;exten => s,n,Background(submenuopts) ; "Thanks for calling the sales department. Press 1 for steve, 2 for..."
;exten => s,n,WaitExten
;exten => 1,1,Goto(default,steve,1)
;exten => 2,1,Goto(default,mark,2)

[default]
;
; By default we include the demo. In a production system, you
; probably don't want to have the demo there.
;
include => demo

;
; An extension like the one below can be used for FWD, Nikotel, sipgate etc.
; Note that you must have a [sipprovider] section in sip.conf
;
;exten => _41X.,1,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN:2}@sipprovider,,r)

; Real extensions would go here. Generally you want real extensions to be
; 4 or 5 digits long (although there is no such requirement) and start with a
; single digit that is fairly large (like 6 or 7) so that you have plenty of
; room to overlap extensions and menu options without conflict. You can alias
; them with names, too, and use global variables

;exten => 6245,hint,SIP/Grandstream1&SIP/Xlite1(Joe Schmoe) ; Channel hints for presence
;exten => 6245,1,Dial(SIP/Grandstream1,20,rt) ; permit transfer
;exten => 6245,n(dial),Dial(${HINT},20,rtT) ; Use hint as listed
;exten => 6245,n,Voicemail(6245,u) ; Voicemail (unavailable)
;exten => 6245,s+1,Hangup ; s+1, same as n
;exten => 6245,dial+101,Voicemail(6245,b) ; Voicemail (busy)
;exten => 6361,1,Dial(IAX2/JaneDoe,,rm) ; ring without time limit
;exten => 6389,1,Dial(MGCP/aaln/1@192.168.0.14)
;exten => 6390,1,Dial(JINGLE/caller/callee) ; Dial via jingle using labels
;exten => 6391,1,Dial(JINGLE/asterisk@digium.com/mogorman@astjab.org) ;Dial via jingle using asterisk as the transport and calling mogorman.
;exten => 6394,1,Dial(Local/6275/n) ; this will dial ${MARK}

;exten => 6275,1,Gosub(stdexten(6275,${MARK}))
; assuming ${MARK} is something like DAHDI/2
;exten => 6275,n,Goto(default,s,1) ; exited Voicemail
;exten => mark,1,Goto(6275,1) ; alias mark to 6275
;exten => 6536,1,Gosub(stdexten(6236,${WIL}))
; Ditto for wil
;exten => 6536,n,Goto(default,s,1) ; exited Voicemail
;exten => wil,1,Goto(6236,1)

;If you want to subscribe to the status of a parking space, this is
;how you do it. Subscribe to extension 6600 in sip, and you will see
;the status of the first parking lot with this extensions' help
;exten => 6600,hint,park:701@parkedcalls
;exten => 6600,1,noop
;
; Some other handy things are an extension for checking voicemail via
; voicemailmain
;
;exten => 8500,1,VoicemailMain
;exten => 8500,n,Hangup
;
; Or a conference room (you'll need to edit meetme.conf to enable this room)
;
;exten => 8600,1,Meetme(1234)
;
; Or playing an announcement to the called party, as soon it answers
;
;exten = 8700,1,Dial(${MARK},30,A(/path/to/my/announcemsg))
;

; example of a compartmentalized company called "acme"
;
; this is the context that your incoming IAX/SIP trunk dumps you in...
;[acme-incoming]
;exten => s,1,Wait(1)
;exten => s,n,Answer()
;exten => s,n(menu),Playback(acme/vm-brief-menu)
;exten => s,n(exten),Background(vm-enter-num-to-call)
;exten => s,n,WaitExten(5)
;exten => s,n(goodbye),Playback(vm-goodbye)
;exten => s,n(end),Hangup()
;
;include => acme-extens
;
;exten => i,1,Playback(vm-invalid)
;exten => i,n,Goto(s,exten) ; optionally, transfer to operator
;
;exten => t,1,Goto(s,goodbye)
;
; this is the context our internal SIP hardphones use (see sip.conf)
;
;[acme-internal]
;exten => s,1,Answer()
;exten => s,n(exten),Background(vm-enter-num-to-call)
;exten => s,n,WaitExten(5)
;exten => s,n(goodbye),Playback(vm-goodbye)
;exten => s,n(end),Hangup()
;
;include => trunkint
;include => trunkld
;include => trunklocal
;
;include => acme-extens
;
; you can test what your system sounds like to outside callers by dialing this
;exten => 777,1,DISA(no-password,acme-incoming)
;
; grouping of acme's extensions... never used directly, always included.
;
;[acme-extens]
;include => stdexten
;exten => 111,1,Gosub(stdexten(111,SIP/pete_1,acme))
;exten => 111,n,Goto(s,exten)
;
;exten => 112,1,Gosub(stdexten(112,SIP/nancy_1,acme))
;exten => 112,n,Goto(s,end)
;
; end of acme example


; For more information on applications, just type "core show applications" at your
; friendly Asterisk CLI prompt.
;
; "core show application <command>" will show details of how you
; use that particular application in this file, the dial plan.
; "core show functions" will list all dialplan functions
; "core show function <COMMAND>" will show you more information about
; one function. Remember that function names are UPPER CASE.

มาดูไฟล์ extensions.conf บนเครื่องที่ผมใช้อยู่ครับ

[general]

static=yes
writeprotect=no
;autofallthrough=no
;extenpatternmatchnew=no
clearglobalvars=no
;priorityjumping=yes
;userscontext=default
#include extensions_a2billing.conf

[globals]
CONSOLE=Console/dsp
;CONSOLE=DAHDI/1
;CONSOLE=Phone/phone0
IAXINFO=guest
;IAXINFO=myuser:mypass
TRUNK=DAHDI/G2
TRUNKMSD=1
;TRUNK=IAX2/user:pass@provide

มีเท่านี้จริงๆครับ ที่เหลือผมจะเอาไปคอนฟิกไว้ในไฟล์ extensions_a2billing.conf

Note! ที่ผมสามารถทำไฟล์ extensions.conf ให้สั้นๆแบบนี้ได้ก็เพราะว่าผมติดตั้ง Asterisk เองครับ ติดตั้งทุกอย่างเองหมด ไม่ได้ใช้ Trixbox, Elastix, AsteriskNow, PIAF (PBX In A Flash) หรือ FreePBX

แล้วถ้าเป็น file: extensons.conf ที่มากับ asterisknow (แบบตัวอย่างของพี่)ล่ะครับ เราไม่ใช้ได้มั้ย(หมายถึงลบออกไปเลย)แล้วสร้างใหม่เป็น V.ของเราเอง ได้มั้ยครับ

ได้ครับ สร้างใหม่เลย ปกติผมก็สร้างใหม่ ไฟล์ดีฟอลท์มันยาวไป ดูยากด้วย แทบไม่ได้ใช้เลย เช่น

[general]

[globals]


[from-internal]
exten => _1XX,1,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN},60,tT)
exten => _1XX,n,Hangup